MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND SPORT RESULTS OF MALE AND FEMALE WEIGHTLIFTERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2015.0610Keywords:
somatic type, weightlifting, ectomorphism, endomorphismAbstract
Purpose of this study was to analyze the types of body structure of elite Polish weightlifters of both genders, depending on their sports’ achievements. Material: Somatic measurements of weightlifters were fulfilled during individual Junior and Senior National Championships. Overall, a total of 127 male athletes (66 juniors and 61 seniors) were examined, along with 63 female athletes (32 juniors and 31 seniors). The levels of endomorphism, mesomorphism, and ectomorphism were determined and compared to the reference values of adolescents and young adults who did not engage in any sports discipline. The scores achieved during the National Championships were converted into Sinclair scale points, and each athlete was classified into one of three categories of sports outcome (superior, intermediate, or poor). Results: The athletes were characterized by higher level of endomorphism and mesomorphism and lower level of ectomorphism than non-training individuals. This suggests that the level of body adiposity is not considered during the qualification and selection of examined weightlifters. Male seniors were the only group with lower adiposity than the reference group. Analysis of body structure in relation to sports results revealed a tendency towards increased mesomorphism and decreased ectomorphism associated with higher level of skills and training experience in studied men and women. This reflects the appropriateness of the training process. However, not all differences between analyzed groups proved statistically significant. Conclusions: Training methods and diet should be verified to reduce adiposity in athletes as aside from male seniors, this parameter proved higher than in the respective reference groups, and there was no tendency towards a decrease in this parameter in concert with age or sports level.References
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<p>Burdukiewicz A., Pietraszewska J. Somatic build of children and youth overweight in respect of their peers witch normal body mass. In: Poplawska H (Ed) <i>Somatic development, physical fitness and health status of rural children and adolescents.</i> Biala Podlaska, Josef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, 2009, pp. 11-27.</p>
<p>Carvajal W., Betancourt H., León S., Deturnel Y., Martínez M., Echevarría I., Castillo M.E., Serviat N. Kinanthropometric profile of Cuban women Olympic volleyball champions. <i>MEDICC Rev</i>, 2012, vol.14(2), pp. 16-22.</p>
<p>Chiu L.Z. A proposed method for world weightlifting championships team selection. <i>J Strength Cond Res</i>, 2009, vol. 23(5), pp. 1627-1631.</p>
<p>Heath B.H., Carter J.E. A modified somatotype method. <i>Am J Phys Anthropol</i>, 1967, vol. 27, pp. 57-74.</p>
<p>Imran M., Hussain I., Murtaza S.T., Jabin F., Bari M.A. A Comparative Study of Body Builders and Weight Lifters on Somatotypes. <i>Journal of Education and Practice. </i>2011, vol.3(2), pp. 155-160.</p>
<p>Jurkić J., Katić R., Blazević S. Impact of Morphological and Motor Dimensions on Success of Young Male and Female Karateka. <i>Coll Antropol</i>, 2012, vol.4, pp. 1247– 1255.</p>
<p>Kazemi M., De Ciantis M.G., Rahman A. A profile of the Youth Olympic Taekwondo Athlete. <i>J Can Chiropr Assoc,</i> 2013, vol.57(4), pp. 293-300.</p>
<p>Keogh J.W.L., Hume P.A., Pearson S.N., Mellow P. Anthropometric dimension of male power lifter of varying body mass. <i>J Sports Sci,</i> 2007, vol.12 pp. 1365-1376.</p>
<p>Mattiuzzi C., Lippi G. Relationship between body weight and total weight lifted in the 2013 World Weightlifting Championships. <i>Performance Enhancement & Health</i>, 2014, vol.3(1), pp. 49-50.</p>
<p>Musser L.J., Garhammer J., Rozenek R., Crussemeyer J.A., Vargas E.M. Anthropometry and barbell trajectory in the snatch lift for elite women weightlifters. <i>J Strength Cond Res</i>, 2014, vol.28(6), pp. 1636-1648.</p>
<p>Oakley B. <i>Podium: What Shapes a Sporting Champion</i>? Bloomsbury Sport, 2014, 304 p.</p>
<p>Pucov O.I., Oleshko V.G., Iashchenko A.G. <i>Metodichni rekomendacii shchodo etapu bezposeredn'oi pidgotovki zbirnoi komandi Ukraini z vazhkoi atletiki do Igor </i>XXVIII<i> Olimpiadi</i> [On stage direct preparation team of Ukraine to the weightlifting competition XXVIII World Cup], Kiev, 2000, 24 p.</p>
<p>Orvanová E., Somatotypes of weight lifters. <i>J Sports Sci</i>, 1990, 8, pp 119-137.</p>
<p>Ramirez-Velez R., Argothyd R., Meneses-Echavez J.F., Beatriz Sanchez-Puccini M., Lopez-Alban C.A., Cohen D.D.<sup> </sup>Anthropometric characteristics and physical performance of colombian elite male wrestlers. <i>Asian J Sports Med</i>, 2014, vol.5(4), pp. e238-240.</p>
<p>Saczuk J., Wasiluk A., Sacharuk J. Somatic construction and tissue composition of lifting weight players [Budowa somatyczna oraz skład tkankowy ciała zawodniczek podnoszących ciężary]. In: Sacharuk J. (Ed.) <i>Selected aspects of the theory and practice of weightlifting player</i>s [Wybrane aspekty teorii i praktyki podnoszenia ciężarów], Warsaw, 2006, pp. 116-125. (in Polish)</p>
<p>Sinclair Coeffcients. <i>Affiliated with the C.W.F.H.C. and I.W.F.</i> Weightlifting Association, Alberta, 2001, 200 p.</p>
<p>Vilamitjana J.J. Longitudinal Morphological Evolution in National Representative Weightlifters. <i>Med Sci Sports Exerc,</i> 2001, vol.5(33), pp. 35-43.</p>
<p>Medvedev A. S. Mnogoletniaia dinamika sportivnogo masterstva v ryvke i tolchke u sil'nejshikh tiazheloatletok mira [Long-term dynamics of sportsmanship in the snatch and clean and jerk in the world's strongest weightlifters]. <i>Teoriia i praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury</i>, 1997, vol.3, pp. 9-12. (in Russian)</p>
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2015-06-28
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Saczuk J, Wasiluk A. MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND SPORT RESULTS OF MALE AND FEMALE WEIGHTLIFTERS. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2015;19(6):60-5. https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2015.0610
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