Bio-mechanical aspects of elite cyclists’ motor system adaptation in process of competition activity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2017.0507Keywords:
fatigue, bicycle sport, electromyography, bio-mechanicsAbstract
Purpose; to study the laws of motor structure adaptation of elite cyclists, specializing in 4 km individual pursuit racing on track. Material: in the research 18 elite athletes participated. We studied special aspects of athletes’ coordination structure in experiment, which simulated competition activity. Results: at start segment of distance high speed depends on effectiveness of right leg’s pulling; on pressing and pushing of left leg. At initial stage of distance high efficiency of pedaling is ensured by pressing and pulling of right and left legs. At middle segment high workability depends on movement of right leg; pressing, pulling and pushing of left leg. On finish speed depends by effectiveness of pressing, pulling and moving of right leg; pressing and pulling of left leg. Conclusions: the presented material creates real pre-conditions for development of bio-mechanical models of cyclists’ pedaling technique. The received data can be used for special searching of optimal movement, considering competition tactic. The received results can be used for choosing of means and methods of athletes’ movements’ pedagogic re-constructions.References
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<p>Turpin NA, Guevel A, Durand S, Hug F. Fatigue-related adaptations in muscle coordination during a cyclic exercise in humans. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. 2011;1;214(19):3305–14. doi:10.1242/jeb.057133</p>
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<p>Barratt PR, Martin JC, Elmer SJ, Korff T. Effects of Pedal Speed and Crank Length on Pedaling Mechanics during Submaximal Cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2016;48(4):705-13.</p>
<p>Bini RR, Dagnese F, Rocha E, Silveira MC, Carpes FP, Mota CB. Three-dimensional kinematics of competitive and recreational cyclists across different workloads during cycling. European Journal of Sport Science. 2016;16(5):553-9.</p>
<p>Bini RR, Rossato M. Kinetics and Pedaling Technique. <i>Biomechanics of Cycling</i>. Springer International Publishing Switzerland; 2014. </p>
<p>Castronovo AM, De Marchis C, Bibbo D, Conforto S, Schmid M, D’Alessio T. Neuromuscular adaptations during submaximal prolonged cycling. Conf. Proc. <i>IEEE Medicine Engineering and Biology Society,</i> 2012; P. 3612-3615.</p>
<p>Chen CH, Wu YK, Chan MS, Shih Y, Shiang TY. The force output of handle and pedal in different bicycle-riding postures. Research in Sports Medicine. 2016;24(1):54-66.</p>
<p>Crouch TN, Burton D, Thompson M, Martin DT, Brown NAT, Sheridan J. A phase-averaged analysis of the pedalling cyclist wake. <i>19 th Australian Fluid Mechanics Conference</i>, Melbourne: Australia; 2014. P. 100-115.</p>
<p>Dahmen T. Optimization of pacing strategies for cycling time trials using a smooth 6-parameter endurance model. <i>Pre-Olympic Congress on Sports Science and Computer Science in Sport</i> (IACSS2012). Liverpool: UK; 2012. </p>
<p>Dorel S, Drouet JM, Couturier A, Champoux Y. Changes of pedaling technique and muscle coordination during an exhaustive exercise. <i>Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, </i>2009;41(6):1277-1286.</p>
<p>Druz VA, Iermakov SS, Artemyeva GP, Puhach YI, Muszkieta R. Individualization factors of students’ physical education at modern stage of its realization. <i>Physical education of students</i>, 2017; 21(1): 10-16. doi:10.15561/20755279.2017.0102</p>
<p>Druz VA, Iermakov SS, Nosko MO, Shesterova LYe, Novitskaya NA. The problems of students’ physical training individualization.<i> Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports</i>, 2017; 21(2): 4-12. doi:10.15561/18189172.2017.0201</p>
<p>Garcia-Lopez J, Diez-Leal S, Ogueta-Alday A, Larrazabal J, Rodriguez-Marroyo JA. Differences in pedalling technique between road cyclists of different competitive levels. J Sport Sci. 2016;34(17):1619-26.</p>
<p>Hanaki S, Robert S, Richard R. <i>The effects of seat post angle in cycling performance</i>. University of Kentucky: UKnowledge; 2012. </p>
<p>Hug F, Turpin NA, Guevel A, Dorel S. Is interindividual variability of EMG patterns in trained cyclists related to different muscle synergies? <i>Journal of Applied Physiology, </i>2010;108:1727-1736.</p>
<p>Iermakov SS, Arziutov GN, Jagiello W. Quick training of students to judo techniques. <i>Archives of Budo</i>. 2016;12:15-24.</p>
<p>Iermakov SS, Podrigalo LV, Jagiello W. Hand-grip strength as an indicator for predicting the success in martial arts athletes. <i>Archives of Budo</i>. 2016;12:179-86.</p>
<p>Khudolii OM, Ivashchenko OV, Iermakov SS, Rumba OG. Computer simulation of Junior gymnasts’ training process. <i>Science of Gymnastics Journal</i>, 2016;8(3):215-228.</p>
<p>Lépine J, Champoux Y, Drouet J-M. Technique to Measure the Dynamic Behavior of Road Bike Wheels. <i>Topics in Modal Analysis</i>, 2012;2(6):465-470. </p>
<p>Lukes R, Carre M, Haake S. Track Cycling: An Analytical Model. <i>The Engineering of Sport</i>, 2006;1:115-120. </p>
<p>Monogarov VD, Bratkovsky VK. <i>Coordination motions of sportsmen in the period of the compensated fatigue during muscular work of cyclic character.</i> Kiev, 1979</p>
<p>Mornieux G, Gollhofer A, Staperlfeldt B. Muscle coordination while pulling up during cycling. <i>International Journal of Sports Medicine, </i>2010;31:843-846.</p>
<p>O'Connor D, Larkin P, Williams AM. Talent identification and selection in elite youth football: An Australian context. European Journal of Sport Science. 2016;16(7):837-44.</p>
<p>Podrigalo LV, Galashko M N, Iermakov SS, Rovnaya OA, Bulashev AY. Prognostication of successfulness in arm-wrestling on the base of morphological functional indicators’ analysis. <i>Physical education of students</i>, 2017; 21(1): 46-51. doi:10.15561/20755279.2017.0108</p>
<p>Sigrist R, Dolder V, Riener R, Wolf P. Sonification in cycling – a feasibility study. <i>10 Symposium der dvs Sportinformatik</i>, Vienna: Austria; 2014. P.100-116.</p>
<p>Skorski S, Abbiss CR. The Manipulation of Pace within Endurance Sport. <i>Frontiers in Physiology</i>. 2017;8:102.</p>
<p>Sundström D, Carlsson P, Tinnsten M. On Optimization of Pacing Strategy in Road Cycling. <i>Procedia Engineering</i>, 2013;60:118-123. </p>
<p>Theurel J, Crepin M, Foissac M, Temprado JJ. Effects of different pedalling techniques on muscle fatigue and mechanical efficiency during prolonged cycling. <i>Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, </i>2011;22:714-721.</p>
<p>Thomas K, Lee M, Ian M, James C. Effect of Pedaling Technique on Mechanical Effectiveness and Efficiency in Cyclists, Medicine Science. <i>Sports Exercise</i>, 2007;39:991-995. </p>
<p>Turpin NA, Guevel A, Durand S, Hug F. Fatigue-related adaptations in muscle coordination during a cyclic exercise in humans. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. 2011;1;214(19):3305–14. doi:10.1242/jeb.057133</p>
<p>Umberto E, Tamara H, Jachen D. Influence of racing position on cycling patterns<i>, Portuguese Journal of Sport Sciences</i>, 2011;11:211-214. </p>
<p>Wangerin M, Schmitt S, Stapelfeldt B, Gollhofer A. Inverse dynamics in cycling performance. <i>Advances in Medical Engineering</i>, 2017;114:329-334.</p>
<p>Xu JY, Nan XM, Ebken V, Wang Y, Pottie GJ, Kaiser WJ. Integrated Inertial Sensors and Mobile Computing for Real-Time Cycling Performance Guidance via Pedaling Profile Classification. <i>Ieee Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics</i>. 2015;19(2):440-5.</p>
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2017-10-30
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Kolumbet A, Natroshvili S, Babyna T. Bio-mechanical aspects of elite cyclists’ motor system adaptation in process of competition activity. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2017;21(5):244-50. https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2017.0507
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