The comparison of some anthropometric, body composition indexes and VO2max of Ahwaz elite soccer players of different playing positions
Abstract
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare some anthropometric, body composition indexes and VO2max of Ahvaz elite soccer players of different playing positions. Material : Participants were 60 male soccer players (age 24.31±4.20 years) from 4 teams in the two highest divisions in Iran. The sample included 8 goalkeepers, 18 defenders, 20 midfielders and 14 strikers. Anthropometric variables of subjects (height, weight and BMI) and body composition (%BF) were measured. Skinfold thickness measurements were taken using Harpenden skinfold calipers at three sites (triceps, subscapular and abdominal) and the VO2max of the subjects was estimated by participation in a multi-stage 20m shuttle-run test. One-way ANOVA and Tukey testes were used for possible differences in test variables between different player positions. Results : Results revealed that the goalkeepers were significantly (p<0.05) the tallest, heaviest and had lower VO2max than another positions. Beside the midfielders had significantly (p<0.05) higher VO2max than the goalkeepers. Also, no difference in estimated body fat percentage and BMI was observed between players of all positions. Discussion: Thus, it can be concluded that anthropometric and physiological differences are exist among soccer players who play in different positions. These differences fit with their different workload in a game. Therefore, programs must be include specific sessions for each positional role.References
<p>Reilly T, Duran D. Fitness assessment. In: Reilly T, Williams AM, editors. <i>Science and soccer</i>. 2nd ed. London: Routledge;.2003.</p>
<p>Guerra I, Soares E, Burinini R. Aspectos nutricionais do futebol de competição. <i>Rev Bras Med Esporte</i>. 2001;7:200-206.</p>
<p>Reilly T, Bangsbo J, Franks A. Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. <i>J Sports Sci.</i> 2000;18: 669-683.</p>
<p>Salvo VD, Pigozzi F (1998). Physical training of football players based on their positional rules in the team. <i>J Sports Med Phys Fitness.</i> 38: 294-7.</p>
<p>Shephard R. Biology and medicine of soccer: an update. <i>J Sports Sci.</i> 199917:757-786.</p>
<p>Bangsbo J, Norregard L, Thorso F. Activity profile of competition soccer. <i>Can. J. Sport Sci</i>. 1991;16:110–116.</p>
<p>Bangsbo J, Michalsic L. Assessment of the physiological capacity of elite soccer players. In<i>: Science and Football IV</i>. W. Spinks, T. Reilly, and A. Murphy (Eds.) London: Routledge; 2002.</p>
<p>Ekblom B. Applied physiology of soccer. <i>Sports Med</i>. 1986;3:50–60.</p>
<p>Reilly T. Motion characteristics. In: <i>Football (Soccer),</i> B. Ekblom (Ed.). London, Blackwell; 1994.</p>
<p>Tumilty D. Physiological characteristics of elite soccer players. <i>Sports Med</i>. 1993;16:80–96.</p>
<p>Al-Hazzaa H, Al-muzaini K, Al-Refaee S, Sulaiman M, Dafterdar M, Al-Ghamedi A. Aerobic and anaerobic power characteristics of Saudi elite soccer players<i>. J.Sports Med Phys Fitness</i>. 2001;41:54-61.</p>
<p>Bangsbo J, Lindquist F. Comparison of various exercise tests with endurance performance during soccer in professional players. <i>Int. J. Sports Med</i>. 1992;13:125–132.</p>
<p>Casajus JA. Seasonal variation in fitness variables in professional soccer players. <i>J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness.</i> 2001;41:463–469.</p>
<p>Davis JA. Pre-season physiological characteristics of English first and second division soccer players. <i>Journal of Sports Sciences</i>. 1992;10(6): 541-547.</p>
<p>Rhodes EC, Mosher RE, Mckenzie DC, Franks IM, Potts JE, Wenger HA. Physiological profiles of the Canadian Olympic Soccer Team. <i>Can. J. Appl. Sport Sci.</i> 1986;11: 31–36.</p>
<p>Strudwick A, Reilly T, Doran D. Anthropometric and fitness profiles of elite players in two football codes<i>. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness.</i> 2002;42: 239–242.</p>
<p>Wilsoff helgard U, Jand hoff J. Strength and endurance of elite soccer players. <i>Br.J. Sports Med.</i> 1998;38(3): 285-288.</p>
<p>Reilly T. <i>Science and Soccer</i> .E & FN Spon, London; 1996.</p>
<p>Bell W, Rhodes G. The morphological characteristics of the association football player. <i>J Sports Med Phys Fitness.</i> 1998;20:196-200.</p>
<p>Lohman T, Roche A, Matorrel R. <i>Anthropometric standardization reference manual</i>. Illinois: Human Kinetic books; 1998.</p>
<p>Marins J, Giannichi R. <i>Assessment and prescription of Physical Activity</i>. 2a ed. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Shape. 1998.</p>
<p>Leger J, Lambert L. A multistage shuttle run test as a predictor of VO2 max. <i>Eur J App Physiol</i>. 1982;49:1-12.</p>
<p>Arnason A, Sigurdsson A, Gudmundsson I, Holme L, Engedrebsen B, Bahr R. Physical Fitness, Injuries, and Team Performance in Soccer. <i>Med Sci Sport Exerc</i>. 2004;36: 278-289.</p>
<p>Carvalho C, Roriz-Olivera P, Carvalho A. Analysis of different parameters of physical condition for footballers in accordance to their field position. <i>World Congress of Science and Football</i> V. Faculdade de Motrisidade Humana, Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; 2003.</p>
<p>Matkovic BR, Misigoj-Durakovic M, Matkovic B, Jankovic S, Ruzic L, Leko G, Kond ric M. Morphological differences of elite croatian soccer players according to the team position. <i>Scopus- Collegium Antropologicum.</i> 2003;27: 167-174<strong>.</strong></p>
<p>Rico-Sanz J. Body composition and nutrition assessment in soccer. <i>Int J Sport Nutr.</i> 1998;8:113-123.</p>
<p>Wanger L.d.P, Joao P.B, Ricardo L. F.G, Celis L.R, Laura C.C, Ana R. Damaso B. Anthropometric profile and macronutrient intake in professional Brazilian soccer players according to their field positioning. <i>Rev Bras Med Esport</i>, 2006;12: 52-55.</p>
<p>Bangsbo J. The physiology of soccer-with special reference to intense intermittent exercise. <i>Acta Physiol Scand.</i> 1994;15(Supply 619):1-156.</p>
<p>Reeves S, Poh B, Brown M, Tizzard N, Ismail M. Anthropometric measurements and body composition of English Malaysian footballers. <i>Mal J Nutr.</i> 1999;5: 79-86.</p>
<p>Gil S.M, Gil J, Ruiz F, Irazusta A, Irazusta J. Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of young soccer players according to their playing position: Relevance for the selection process. <i>J. Strength Cond. Res.</i> 2007;21(2): 438-445.</p>
<p>Clare H, and Colin W. Anthropometric assessment of Premiership soccer players in relation to playing position. <i>European Journal of Sport Science</i>. 2006;6(4): 205-211.</p>
<p>Cochrane B, Pyke F. Physiological assessment of the Australian soccer squad. <i>The Australian journal of the health, physical education and recreation</i>. 1976;4:21-25.</p>
<p>Cristiano DDS, Jonatan B, Joao CBM. A review of stature, body mass and maximal oxygen uptake profiles of U17, U20 and first division players in Brazilian soccer. <i>Journal of Sports Science and Medicin</i>e; 2008;7: 309-319.</p>
<p>Guerra I, Soares E, Burinini R. Aspectos nutricionais do futebol de competição. <i>Rev Bras Med Esporte</i>. 2001;7:200-206.</p>
<p>Reilly T, Bangsbo J, Franks A. Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. <i>J Sports Sci.</i> 2000;18: 669-683.</p>
<p>Salvo VD, Pigozzi F (1998). Physical training of football players based on their positional rules in the team. <i>J Sports Med Phys Fitness.</i> 38: 294-7.</p>
<p>Shephard R. Biology and medicine of soccer: an update. <i>J Sports Sci.</i> 199917:757-786.</p>
<p>Bangsbo J, Norregard L, Thorso F. Activity profile of competition soccer. <i>Can. J. Sport Sci</i>. 1991;16:110–116.</p>
<p>Bangsbo J, Michalsic L. Assessment of the physiological capacity of elite soccer players. In<i>: Science and Football IV</i>. W. Spinks, T. Reilly, and A. Murphy (Eds.) London: Routledge; 2002.</p>
<p>Ekblom B. Applied physiology of soccer. <i>Sports Med</i>. 1986;3:50–60.</p>
<p>Reilly T. Motion characteristics. In: <i>Football (Soccer),</i> B. Ekblom (Ed.). London, Blackwell; 1994.</p>
<p>Tumilty D. Physiological characteristics of elite soccer players. <i>Sports Med</i>. 1993;16:80–96.</p>
<p>Al-Hazzaa H, Al-muzaini K, Al-Refaee S, Sulaiman M, Dafterdar M, Al-Ghamedi A. Aerobic and anaerobic power characteristics of Saudi elite soccer players<i>. J.Sports Med Phys Fitness</i>. 2001;41:54-61.</p>
<p>Bangsbo J, Lindquist F. Comparison of various exercise tests with endurance performance during soccer in professional players. <i>Int. J. Sports Med</i>. 1992;13:125–132.</p>
<p>Casajus JA. Seasonal variation in fitness variables in professional soccer players. <i>J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness.</i> 2001;41:463–469.</p>
<p>Davis JA. Pre-season physiological characteristics of English first and second division soccer players. <i>Journal of Sports Sciences</i>. 1992;10(6): 541-547.</p>
<p>Rhodes EC, Mosher RE, Mckenzie DC, Franks IM, Potts JE, Wenger HA. Physiological profiles of the Canadian Olympic Soccer Team. <i>Can. J. Appl. Sport Sci.</i> 1986;11: 31–36.</p>
<p>Strudwick A, Reilly T, Doran D. Anthropometric and fitness profiles of elite players in two football codes<i>. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness.</i> 2002;42: 239–242.</p>
<p>Wilsoff helgard U, Jand hoff J. Strength and endurance of elite soccer players. <i>Br.J. Sports Med.</i> 1998;38(3): 285-288.</p>
<p>Reilly T. <i>Science and Soccer</i> .E & FN Spon, London; 1996.</p>
<p>Bell W, Rhodes G. The morphological characteristics of the association football player. <i>J Sports Med Phys Fitness.</i> 1998;20:196-200.</p>
<p>Lohman T, Roche A, Matorrel R. <i>Anthropometric standardization reference manual</i>. Illinois: Human Kinetic books; 1998.</p>
<p>Marins J, Giannichi R. <i>Assessment and prescription of Physical Activity</i>. 2a ed. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Shape. 1998.</p>
<p>Leger J, Lambert L. A multistage shuttle run test as a predictor of VO2 max. <i>Eur J App Physiol</i>. 1982;49:1-12.</p>
<p>Arnason A, Sigurdsson A, Gudmundsson I, Holme L, Engedrebsen B, Bahr R. Physical Fitness, Injuries, and Team Performance in Soccer. <i>Med Sci Sport Exerc</i>. 2004;36: 278-289.</p>
<p>Carvalho C, Roriz-Olivera P, Carvalho A. Analysis of different parameters of physical condition for footballers in accordance to their field position. <i>World Congress of Science and Football</i> V. Faculdade de Motrisidade Humana, Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; 2003.</p>
<p>Matkovic BR, Misigoj-Durakovic M, Matkovic B, Jankovic S, Ruzic L, Leko G, Kond ric M. Morphological differences of elite croatian soccer players according to the team position. <i>Scopus- Collegium Antropologicum.</i> 2003;27: 167-174<strong>.</strong></p>
<p>Rico-Sanz J. Body composition and nutrition assessment in soccer. <i>Int J Sport Nutr.</i> 1998;8:113-123.</p>
<p>Wanger L.d.P, Joao P.B, Ricardo L. F.G, Celis L.R, Laura C.C, Ana R. Damaso B. Anthropometric profile and macronutrient intake in professional Brazilian soccer players according to their field positioning. <i>Rev Bras Med Esport</i>, 2006;12: 52-55.</p>
<p>Bangsbo J. The physiology of soccer-with special reference to intense intermittent exercise. <i>Acta Physiol Scand.</i> 1994;15(Supply 619):1-156.</p>
<p>Reeves S, Poh B, Brown M, Tizzard N, Ismail M. Anthropometric measurements and body composition of English Malaysian footballers. <i>Mal J Nutr.</i> 1999;5: 79-86.</p>
<p>Gil S.M, Gil J, Ruiz F, Irazusta A, Irazusta J. Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of young soccer players according to their playing position: Relevance for the selection process. <i>J. Strength Cond. Res.</i> 2007;21(2): 438-445.</p>
<p>Clare H, and Colin W. Anthropometric assessment of Premiership soccer players in relation to playing position. <i>European Journal of Sport Science</i>. 2006;6(4): 205-211.</p>
<p>Cochrane B, Pyke F. Physiological assessment of the Australian soccer squad. <i>The Australian journal of the health, physical education and recreation</i>. 1976;4:21-25.</p>
<p>Cristiano DDS, Jonatan B, Joao CBM. A review of stature, body mass and maximal oxygen uptake profiles of U17, U20 and first division players in Brazilian soccer. <i>Journal of Sports Science and Medicin</i>e; 2008;7: 309-319.</p>
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2015-09-15
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Najafi A, Shakerian S, Habibi A, Shabani M, Fatemi R. The comparison of some anthropometric, body composition indexes and VO2max of Ahwaz elite soccer players of different playing positions. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2015;19(9):64-8.
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