STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PRACTICES OF IRAN Wrestling League STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.9761Keywords:
Periodization, speed, power, PlyometricsAbstract
Purpose : The purpose of this study describes the results of a survey of the practices of Iranian Wrestling League strength and conditioning (IWL S&C) coaches. Material: The response rate was 88.5% (100 of 113). The contents survey examines include: (a) background information, (b) physical testing, (c) flexibility development, (d) speed development, (e) plyometrics, (f) strength/power development, (g) unique aspects, and (h) comments from coaches providing additional information. Results: Results indicate, in part, that coaches assess an average of 7.3 parameters of fitness, with tests speed being the most common. All coaches used a variety of flexibility development strategies. Results reveal that all of IWL S&C coaches follow a periodization model. Speed as the first priority (100%) and muscular endurance, power and strength as second priority (97%) of importance in evaluating their athletes. Sixty-six percent coaches (66%) indicated that their athletes used Olympic-style lifts. All coaches employed plyometric exercises with their athletes. Ninety-two percent (92%) of the coaches reported that used plyometric trainings for increasing the speed of their wrestlers and 82% of the coaches used plyometric jump in place exercises as regular practice in their trainings. Conclusions: The squat and its variations, as well as the Olympic-style lifts and their variations, were the most frequently used exercises. The survey serves as a review and a source of applied information and new ideas.References
<p>Arabaci R., Cankaya C. The effect of seasonal training program on some physiological parameters among cadet and junior wrestlers. <i>International Journal of Human Science</i>. 2008, vol.6(4), pp. 1-4.</p>
<p>Buford T.W., Rossi S.J., Smith D.B. The effect of a competitive Wrestling season on body weight, hydration and muscular performance in collegiate wrestlers. <i>Journal of strength and Conditioning Research.</i> 2006, vol.20(3), pp. 689-692.</p>
<p>Buford T.W., Smith D.B. Seasonal changes of Body Mass, Body Composition, and Muscular Performance in Collegiate Wrestlers. <i>International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance</i>. 2008, vol.3, pp. 176-184.</p>
<p>Callan S.D., Brunner D.M., Devolve K.I., Mulligan S.E., Hesson J., Wilber R.L. Physiological profiles of elite freestyle wrestlers. <em>Journal</em> <i>of</i> <em>Strength</em> <i>and</i> <em>Conditioning Research.</em> 2000, vol.14, pp. 162-169.</p>
<p>Cisa, C.J., Johonson S. Pre season body composition built and strength predictors of high school wrestling success. <em>Journal of Applied Sport Science Research</em>, 1987, vol.1, pp. 66-70.</p>
<p>Christian V.K., Seymour J. Specific power adaptations relative to strength: power training. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. </i>1985, vol.7(1), pp. 32–34.</p>
<p>Craft J. Football core exercises of selected universities. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 1992, vol.14(5), pp. 13–16.</p>
<p>Cipriano N. A technical-tactical analysis of freestyle wrestling. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 1993, vol.7, pp. 133-140.</p>
<p>Durell D.L., Pujol T.J., Barnes J.T. A survey of the scientific data and training methods utilized by collegiate strength and conditioning coaches. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2003, vol.17, pp. 368–373.</p>
<p>Duehring, MD, Feldmann, CR, and Ebben, WP. Strength and conditioning practices of United States high school strength and conditioning coaches. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2009, vol.23(8), pp. 2188-2203.</p>
<p>Duncan M.J., Hankey J. Concurrent validity of the backwards overhead medicine ball throw as a test of explosive power in adolescents. <em>Medicine</em> <i>in</i> <em>Sport</em>. 2010, vol.14(3), pp. 102-107.</p>
<p>Ebben W.P., Carroll R., Simenz C. Strength and Conditioning Practices of National Hockey League Strength and Conditioning Coaches. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2004, vol.18, pp. 889-897.</p>
<p>Ebben W.P., Blackard D.O. Strength and Conditioning Practices of National Football League Strength and Conditioning Coaches. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2001, vol.15, pp. 48-58.</p>
<p>Ebben Willam P., Hintz Marilyn J., Simenz Christofer J. <i>Strength and Conditioning Practices of Major League Baseball Strength and Conditioning Coaches</i>. 2005, 160 p.</p>
<p>Ecerson J., Johanson D. Changes in body composition, strength and muscular power in high school wrestlers. <i>Pediatric exercise science</i>. 1998, vol.1, pp. 39 – 52.</p>
<p>Forti D.S. <i>The study of off-season football strength and conditioning programs at selected major colleges</i>. Eugene, Oregon: Microfilm Publications, University of Oregon, 1984, 200 p. </p>
<p>Gibala M.J., Little J.P., Essen M.V., Wilkin G.P., Burgomaster K.A., Safdar A. Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. <i>Journal of <em>Physiology</em></i>. 2006, vol.575, pp. 901-911.</p>
<p>Horswill C.A. Applied physiology of amateur wrestling. <em>Sports Medicine<b>.</b></em> 1992, vol.14, pp. 114-143.</p>
<p>Horswill C.A., Galea P. Comparison of maximum aerobic power, maximum anaerobic power, and skinfold thickness of elite and none lite junior wrestlers<i>. International journal of Sports Medicine</i>. 1989, vol.10, pp. 165-168.</p>
<p>James N. Roemmich, Sinning W.E. Weight lose and wrestling Training: effects on nutrition growth, maturation, body composition and strength. <em>Journal</em> <i>of</i> <em>Applied Physiology.</em> 1997, vol.82(6), pp. 1751–1759.</p>
<p>Kelly J.M, Gorni B.A. The effects of collegiate wrestling season on body composition, cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength and endurance. <em>Medicine</em> & <em>Science</em> <i>in</i> <em>Sports</em>. 1978, vol.10(2), pp. 119-24.</p>
<p>Kraemer W.J. A series of studies—the physiological basis for strength training in American football: Fact over philosophy. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 1997, vol.11, pp. 131–142.</p>
<p>McMillian D.J., Moore J.H., Hatler B.S., Taylor D.C. Dynamic vs, static stretching warm up: The effect power and agility performance. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2006, vol.20, pp. 492-498.</p>
<p>Mcclellan T., Stone W.J. A survey of football strength and conditioning programs for Division I NCAA universities. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research.</i> 1986, vol.8(2), pp. 34–36.</p>
<p>Mirzaei B., Curby D.G., Rahmani-Nia F., Moghadasi M. Physiological profile of elite Iranian junior freestyle wrestlers. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2009, vol.23(8), pp. 2339-2344.</p>
<p>Mirzaei B., Curby D.G., Rahmani-Nia, Lotfi N. <i>The relationship between flexibility, speed and agility measures of successful wrestlers.</i>Kinaithropomety. UK(Inpress) 2011, 168 p.</p>
<p>Mirzaei B., Curby D.G., Lotfi N. Physical fitness measuring of cadet wrestlers. <i>International journal of wrestling and science.</i> 2011, vol.1(1), pp. 53-56</p>
<p>National strength and conditioning association. <i>1988 Role Delineation Study. </i>Raleigh: Columbia Assessment Services, Inc. 1988. 60 p.</p>
<p>Patton M.Q. <i>Qualitative evaluation and research methods</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. 1990, 216 p. </p>
<p>Pullo F.M. A profile of NCAA Division I strength and conditioning coaches. <em>Journal</em> <i>of</i> <em>Applied Sport Science Research</em>. 1992, vol.6, pp. 55–62.</p>
<p>Roemmich J.N., Frappier J.P. Physiological determination of wrestling success in high school athletes. <i>Pediatric exercise science</i>, 1993, vol.5(2), pp. 134-144.</p>
<p>Roemmich J.N., Sinning W.E. Sport-Seasonal Changes in Body Composition, Growth, Power and Strength of Adolescent Wrestlers. <em>International Journal</em> <i>of</i> <em>Sports Medicine</em>. 1996, vol.17(2), pp. 92-99.</p>
<p>Sharratt M.T., Taylor A.W., Song T.M.K. physiological profile of elite Canadian Freestyle wrestlers. <i>Canadian journal of applied sport sciences</i>. 1986, vol.11(2), pp. 100-5.</p>
<p>Shriver L.H., Betts M.E. Changes in bodyweight, body composition, and eating attitudes in high school wrestlers.<i>International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism</i>. 1986, vol.19, pp. 424-432.</p>
<p>Simenz C.J., Dugan C.A., Ebben W.P. Strength and Conditioning Practices of National Basketball Association Strength Coaches. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2005, vol.19(3), pp. 495-504.</p>
<p>Song T.M.K., Garvie G.T. Anthropometric, flexibility, strength and physiological measures of Canadian wrestlers and comparison of Canadian and Japanese Olympic wrestlers. <i>Canadian journal of applied sport sciences</i>. 1980, vol.5, pp. 1-8.</p>
<p>Stine G., Ratliff R., Shirman L. Physical profile of wrestler al the NCAA champion ships. <em>Journal</em> <i>of</i> <em>Sports Medicine</em> <i>and</i> <em>Physical</em> <i>Fitness</i>. 1998, vol.1, pp. 135-138.</p>
<p>Sutherland T.M., Wiley J.P. Survey of Strength and Conditioning Services for Professional Athletes in Four Sports. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 1997, vol.11, pp. 266-268.</p>
<p>Terbizan D.T., Seljevold P.J. Physiological profile of age-group wrestling. <i>Journal of sport medicine and physical fitness</i>. 1996, vol.36(3), pp. 178-85.</p>
<p>Terry H., Glen G. Influences of Body-Size Variables on Age-Related Increases in Isokinetic Peak Torque in Young Wrestlers. <em>Medicine</em> & <em>Science</em> <i>in</i> <em>Sports</em> & <em>Exercise</em>. 2010, vol. 24(9), pp. 2358-2365.</p>
<p>Vardar S.A., Tezel S., Ozturk L., Kaya O. The relationship between body composition and anaerobic performance of elite young wrestlers. <i>Journal of Sports Science and Medicine.</i> 2007, vol.6, pp. 34-38.</p>
<p>Whitley J.D, Montana L. Relation between reaction time and movement time in college wrestlers. <i>Perceptual and motor skills</i>. 1992, vol.1, pp. 171-176.</p>
<p>Yoon J. Physiological profile of elite senior wrestlers. <em>Sports Medicine</em>. 2002, vol.32, pp. 225- 233.</p>
<p>Marek S.M., Cramer J.T., Fincher A.L. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle strength and power output. <i>Journal of </i><em>Athletic</em><i> Training</i>. 2005, vol.40, pp. 94-103.</p>
<p>Carmer J.T., Housh T.J., Weir J.P. The acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, mean power output, electromyography, and mechanomyography. <em>European Journal </em><i>of</i> <em>Applied Physiology</em>. 2005, vol.93, pp. 530-539.</p>
<p>Buford T.W., Rossi S.J., Smith D.B. The effect of a competitive Wrestling season on body weight, hydration and muscular performance in collegiate wrestlers. <i>Journal of strength and Conditioning Research.</i> 2006, vol.20(3), pp. 689-692.</p>
<p>Buford T.W., Smith D.B. Seasonal changes of Body Mass, Body Composition, and Muscular Performance in Collegiate Wrestlers. <i>International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance</i>. 2008, vol.3, pp. 176-184.</p>
<p>Callan S.D., Brunner D.M., Devolve K.I., Mulligan S.E., Hesson J., Wilber R.L. Physiological profiles of elite freestyle wrestlers. <em>Journal</em> <i>of</i> <em>Strength</em> <i>and</i> <em>Conditioning Research.</em> 2000, vol.14, pp. 162-169.</p>
<p>Cisa, C.J., Johonson S. Pre season body composition built and strength predictors of high school wrestling success. <em>Journal of Applied Sport Science Research</em>, 1987, vol.1, pp. 66-70.</p>
<p>Christian V.K., Seymour J. Specific power adaptations relative to strength: power training. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. </i>1985, vol.7(1), pp. 32–34.</p>
<p>Craft J. Football core exercises of selected universities. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 1992, vol.14(5), pp. 13–16.</p>
<p>Cipriano N. A technical-tactical analysis of freestyle wrestling. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 1993, vol.7, pp. 133-140.</p>
<p>Durell D.L., Pujol T.J., Barnes J.T. A survey of the scientific data and training methods utilized by collegiate strength and conditioning coaches. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2003, vol.17, pp. 368–373.</p>
<p>Duehring, MD, Feldmann, CR, and Ebben, WP. Strength and conditioning practices of United States high school strength and conditioning coaches. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2009, vol.23(8), pp. 2188-2203.</p>
<p>Duncan M.J., Hankey J. Concurrent validity of the backwards overhead medicine ball throw as a test of explosive power in adolescents. <em>Medicine</em> <i>in</i> <em>Sport</em>. 2010, vol.14(3), pp. 102-107.</p>
<p>Ebben W.P., Carroll R., Simenz C. Strength and Conditioning Practices of National Hockey League Strength and Conditioning Coaches. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2004, vol.18, pp. 889-897.</p>
<p>Ebben W.P., Blackard D.O. Strength and Conditioning Practices of National Football League Strength and Conditioning Coaches. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2001, vol.15, pp. 48-58.</p>
<p>Ebben Willam P., Hintz Marilyn J., Simenz Christofer J. <i>Strength and Conditioning Practices of Major League Baseball Strength and Conditioning Coaches</i>. 2005, 160 p.</p>
<p>Ecerson J., Johanson D. Changes in body composition, strength and muscular power in high school wrestlers. <i>Pediatric exercise science</i>. 1998, vol.1, pp. 39 – 52.</p>
<p>Forti D.S. <i>The study of off-season football strength and conditioning programs at selected major colleges</i>. Eugene, Oregon: Microfilm Publications, University of Oregon, 1984, 200 p. </p>
<p>Gibala M.J., Little J.P., Essen M.V., Wilkin G.P., Burgomaster K.A., Safdar A. Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. <i>Journal of <em>Physiology</em></i>. 2006, vol.575, pp. 901-911.</p>
<p>Horswill C.A. Applied physiology of amateur wrestling. <em>Sports Medicine<b>.</b></em> 1992, vol.14, pp. 114-143.</p>
<p>Horswill C.A., Galea P. Comparison of maximum aerobic power, maximum anaerobic power, and skinfold thickness of elite and none lite junior wrestlers<i>. International journal of Sports Medicine</i>. 1989, vol.10, pp. 165-168.</p>
<p>James N. Roemmich, Sinning W.E. Weight lose and wrestling Training: effects on nutrition growth, maturation, body composition and strength. <em>Journal</em> <i>of</i> <em>Applied Physiology.</em> 1997, vol.82(6), pp. 1751–1759.</p>
<p>Kelly J.M, Gorni B.A. The effects of collegiate wrestling season on body composition, cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength and endurance. <em>Medicine</em> & <em>Science</em> <i>in</i> <em>Sports</em>. 1978, vol.10(2), pp. 119-24.</p>
<p>Kraemer W.J. A series of studies—the physiological basis for strength training in American football: Fact over philosophy. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 1997, vol.11, pp. 131–142.</p>
<p>McMillian D.J., Moore J.H., Hatler B.S., Taylor D.C. Dynamic vs, static stretching warm up: The effect power and agility performance. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2006, vol.20, pp. 492-498.</p>
<p>Mcclellan T., Stone W.J. A survey of football strength and conditioning programs for Division I NCAA universities. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research.</i> 1986, vol.8(2), pp. 34–36.</p>
<p>Mirzaei B., Curby D.G., Rahmani-Nia F., Moghadasi M. Physiological profile of elite Iranian junior freestyle wrestlers. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2009, vol.23(8), pp. 2339-2344.</p>
<p>Mirzaei B., Curby D.G., Rahmani-Nia, Lotfi N. <i>The relationship between flexibility, speed and agility measures of successful wrestlers.</i>Kinaithropomety. UK(Inpress) 2011, 168 p.</p>
<p>Mirzaei B., Curby D.G., Lotfi N. Physical fitness measuring of cadet wrestlers. <i>International journal of wrestling and science.</i> 2011, vol.1(1), pp. 53-56</p>
<p>National strength and conditioning association. <i>1988 Role Delineation Study. </i>Raleigh: Columbia Assessment Services, Inc. 1988. 60 p.</p>
<p>Patton M.Q. <i>Qualitative evaluation and research methods</i>. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. 1990, 216 p. </p>
<p>Pullo F.M. A profile of NCAA Division I strength and conditioning coaches. <em>Journal</em> <i>of</i> <em>Applied Sport Science Research</em>. 1992, vol.6, pp. 55–62.</p>
<p>Roemmich J.N., Frappier J.P. Physiological determination of wrestling success in high school athletes. <i>Pediatric exercise science</i>, 1993, vol.5(2), pp. 134-144.</p>
<p>Roemmich J.N., Sinning W.E. Sport-Seasonal Changes in Body Composition, Growth, Power and Strength of Adolescent Wrestlers. <em>International Journal</em> <i>of</i> <em>Sports Medicine</em>. 1996, vol.17(2), pp. 92-99.</p>
<p>Sharratt M.T., Taylor A.W., Song T.M.K. physiological profile of elite Canadian Freestyle wrestlers. <i>Canadian journal of applied sport sciences</i>. 1986, vol.11(2), pp. 100-5.</p>
<p>Shriver L.H., Betts M.E. Changes in bodyweight, body composition, and eating attitudes in high school wrestlers.<i>International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism</i>. 1986, vol.19, pp. 424-432.</p>
<p>Simenz C.J., Dugan C.A., Ebben W.P. Strength and Conditioning Practices of National Basketball Association Strength Coaches. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 2005, vol.19(3), pp. 495-504.</p>
<p>Song T.M.K., Garvie G.T. Anthropometric, flexibility, strength and physiological measures of Canadian wrestlers and comparison of Canadian and Japanese Olympic wrestlers. <i>Canadian journal of applied sport sciences</i>. 1980, vol.5, pp. 1-8.</p>
<p>Stine G., Ratliff R., Shirman L. Physical profile of wrestler al the NCAA champion ships. <em>Journal</em> <i>of</i> <em>Sports Medicine</em> <i>and</i> <em>Physical</em> <i>Fitness</i>. 1998, vol.1, pp. 135-138.</p>
<p>Sutherland T.M., Wiley J.P. Survey of Strength and Conditioning Services for Professional Athletes in Four Sports. <i>Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research</i>. 1997, vol.11, pp. 266-268.</p>
<p>Terbizan D.T., Seljevold P.J. Physiological profile of age-group wrestling. <i>Journal of sport medicine and physical fitness</i>. 1996, vol.36(3), pp. 178-85.</p>
<p>Terry H., Glen G. Influences of Body-Size Variables on Age-Related Increases in Isokinetic Peak Torque in Young Wrestlers. <em>Medicine</em> & <em>Science</em> <i>in</i> <em>Sports</em> & <em>Exercise</em>. 2010, vol. 24(9), pp. 2358-2365.</p>
<p>Vardar S.A., Tezel S., Ozturk L., Kaya O. The relationship between body composition and anaerobic performance of elite young wrestlers. <i>Journal of Sports Science and Medicine.</i> 2007, vol.6, pp. 34-38.</p>
<p>Whitley J.D, Montana L. Relation between reaction time and movement time in college wrestlers. <i>Perceptual and motor skills</i>. 1992, vol.1, pp. 171-176.</p>
<p>Yoon J. Physiological profile of elite senior wrestlers. <em>Sports Medicine</em>. 2002, vol.32, pp. 225- 233.</p>
<p>Marek S.M., Cramer J.T., Fincher A.L. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle strength and power output. <i>Journal of </i><em>Athletic</em><i> Training</i>. 2005, vol.40, pp. 94-103.</p>
<p>Carmer J.T., Housh T.J., Weir J.P. The acute effects of static stretching on peak torque, mean power output, electromyography, and mechanomyography. <em>European Journal </em><i>of</i> <em>Applied Physiology</em>. 2005, vol.93, pp. 530-539.</p>
Downloads
Published
2014-08-28
How to Cite
1.
Jamshidi FS, Mirzeai B, Damirchi A. STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PRACTICES OF IRAN Wrestling League STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2014;18(8):34-45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.9761
Issue
License
Copyright Holder - Author(s).
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: more
Statistics
Abstract views: 1703 / PDF downloads: 683
