FUNCTIONAL FITNESS LEVEL OF MILITARY COLLEGE CADETS

Purpose: to work out and study influence of author’s physical training program on functional fitness of military college officers. Material: in the research 83 3rd year cadets of military college participated (experimental group, n=41; control group, n=42), of age 19-21 years. The cadets’ functional state was registered by indicators of Shtange’s test, Genchi test, test of Ruffiet – Dixon, Cooper’s test. The volume of trainings was 4 hours a week. Results: it was found that the acting training programs do not permit to completely prepare combat soldier’s organism for fulfillment of his tasks. We also found the purposefulness of special exercises and means’ application in physical trainings, which would be approached by their structure to military officers’ professional actions. Conclusions: it is recommended to conduct training with complex combining of different physical training sections (accelerated motion, overcoming obstacle course, hand-to-hand fighting and etc.) with special means ( armor vest, tactic unloading system, helmet, weapon, gas mask, training grenades and so on).


Material and methods
Participants: in the research 83 3 rd year cadets of military college participated (experimental group, n=41; control group, n=42), of age 19-21 years.All cadets had statistically equal physical fitness and physical condition indicators.Experimental and control groups were formed by method of equal pairs.All participants gave written consent for participation in experiment.
Organization of the research: the research was conducted on the base of sergeants' Military college of National academy of land troops (Lvov) from September 2015 to July 2016.
Physical training according to Interim instructions on physical training in Armed Forces of Ukraine took 4 hours a week.The training consisted of three parts: warming up, main and finalizing.Dozing of loads at trainings considered individual physical condition of every cadet.The load value was determined by heart beats rate, according to cadet's age.
The author's physical training program envisages fulfillment of exercises, maximally approach to practical actions in military professional functioning.Its main distinction from traditional program is the fact that the author's trainings complexly combined different parts of physical training.Besides, experimental group cadets used special means (armor vests, helmet, gas mask, training grenades and stimulators of hand-to-hand combat.The trainings were conducted on the base of military detachment (see table 1).[12,13].
Shtange's test envisages breath pause after inhale and is to be fulfilled in sitting position.The tested shall make deep (but not maximal) inhale and keep pause as long as possible (pressing nostrils with fingers).The time of pause is registered with stop-watch.For healthy untrained persons the range of pauses is: 40-60 sec for men and 30-40 seconds for women.In sportsmen this time is bigger (up to 60-120 sec.-men and up to 40-95 sec.-women).
Genchi's test envisages breath pause after exhale and is used for detection of hidden coronary insufficiency and organism's resistance to hypoxia.It is fulfilled in lying position.The tested makes usual (not excessive) exhale and keep pause.The time of pause is measured with stop-watch.For healthy untrained persons the range of pauses is: 25-40 sec for men and 15-30 seconds for women.In sportsmen this time is bigger (up to 50-60 sec.-men and up to 30-50 sec.-women).
Ruffiet's-Dixon's test serves for assessment of heart workability under physical load.The test envisages registration of heart beats' rate in different periods of recreation after relatively not high loads.The tested is in lying position during 5 minutes.Then HBR for 15 seconds is registered (P1).Then the tested makes 30 squats for 45 seconds and again takes lying position.His HBR is again registered after first 15 seconds (Р2).Then HBR for the last 15 seconds from the first minute of recreation is registered (Р3).Heart workability is assessed by formula: The results are assessed by the value of index: from 0 to 15. Less than 3 units mean good workability; 3-6average; 7-9 -satisfactory and 10-14 means bad (strong cardiac de-compensation).
Organism's reaction to physical loads in the process of experiment was assessed on the base of pedagogic observations.
Statistical analysis: the processing of experimental results was fulfilled with the help of Microsoft Office Excel programs.The confidence of differences between indicators was checked with Student's criterion and considered to be significant at р<0.05-0.001.
Testing of cardio-vascular system's functioning was fulfilled with test of Ruffiet-Dixon.Assessment of heart workability in control group cadets showed that the received data correspond to mark "satisfactory".The obtained indices of Ruffiet-Dixon in experimental group, at the end of experiment, (8.760.22bpm) correspond to average level of heart workability (see table 2).
It was noted that Ruffiet-Dixon's indices in control and experimental groups improved and have confident changes in respect to initial data (tCG=11.182;tEG=9.286;р0.001).But comparative analysis of testing results of the tested groups showed that experimental group results confidently exceed indicators of control group (t=2.198;р0.05).Further, difference between control and experimental group results increases up to 0.98 bpm at the end of second stage (t=3.201;р0.01) and up to 1.48 bpm at the end of experiment (t=5.558;р0.001).For complex assessment of cardio-vascular and respiratory systems' physical fitness of experimental and control groups' cadets we fulfilled Cooper's test (see table 3).

Discussion
Modern conditions of Armed Forces of Ukraine combat (professional) functioning require high level of physical fitness and military applied skills from military officers.That is why there appears demand in training of military officers (cadets) of land troops to professional activity with better quality and in the shortest time.As on today for optimization of military college cadets' physical training study of loads' characteristics, which they endure in fulfillment professional tasks, remains relevant.
The results of our research proved the data of scientists [9], that military officers' high physical fitness significantly expands their functional potentials.With it adaptation to regular physical loads results in economizing their energy losses [5,8], when fulfilling combat tasks.It significantly raises military officers' combat effectiveness.
We also supplemented the data of scientists 10, 15 about purposefulness of special exercises and means' application in physical trainings (which, by their structure are approached to military officers' professional actions).By our researches' and other scientists' results 1, 7, 18, we substantiated the program of physical training for military college cadets.Implementation of the author's physical training program permitted to improve military college cadets' functional readiness for fulfillment their tasks.

Conclusions
The research showed that trainings with complex combining of different physical training parts (accelerated motion, overcoming obstacle course, hand-to-hand combat and so on) and with application special means (armor vests, tactic-unloading system, helmet, weapon, gas mask, training grenades and etc.) facilitate improvement military officers' functional state.For example in experimental group cadets results of cardio-vascular and respiratory systems' functioning are confidently better than in control group.

Table 1 .
Main distinctions of physical training programs for military college cadets of the research Dynamic of Shtange and Genchi's tests results points at insufficient level of physical fitness (experimental group 37.310.72sec.andcontrol group -37.250.71sec.; t=0.059, р0.05).At the end of first stage of the research Shtange's test results in control group were 37.810.76sec.(t=0.538,р0.05).At second stage control group indicators improved up to 38.160.82seconds.But they did not differ confidently from initial indicators (t=0.839;р0.05).Shtange's test results at the end of acting physical training program illustrated that the acting physical training program does not permit to confidently improve the work of military officers' respiratory system (38.370.83secondsatt=1.025, р0.05) (see fig.1).At the beginning of experiment these indicators (31.140.85sec.)confidently did not differ from control group indicators at second stage of experiment (31.320.58sec.; t=0.583; р0.05).In the course of experiment experimental group results constantly grew.At the end of the first stage (32.970.64sec.)Genchi's test results exceeded initial data by 1.83 sec.(t=1.719;р0.05).At the end of second stage of the experiment results in respect to the beginning of the experiment was 2.72 sec.(t=2.441;р0.05).At the end of experiment Genchi's test results in experimental group were 35.410.69sec.This 4.27 sec.(t=3.900;р0.001).It corresponds to standard indicators for this age people (satisfactory work of respiratory system).
seconds the difference of

Table 2 .
Dynamic of Ruffiet-Dixon's test results in experimental and control group cadets in the course of experiment, bpm

Table 3 .
Dynamic of Cooper's test results in experimental and control groups during experiment,