COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOOT SUPPORT-SPRING INDICATORS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN WITH WEAK EYESIGHT IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROCESS

Purpose: to fulfill comparative analysis of foot support-spring indicators of schoolchildren with weak eyesight. Material: in the research 7-10 years’ age children (n=76) with weak eyesight participated. The children learn in specialized boarding school. Results: we found statistically confident differences between some foot support-spring indicators of primary school children with weak eyesight and their practically healthy children. It was registered that primary school children had weaker muscles and ligaments of lower limbs. The reason can be insufficient motor functioning and muscles’ stiffening in moving in space as well as the absence of exercises for prophylaxis of foot functional disorders. Conclusions: we determined that there is demand in working out and implementation of practical recommendations in physical education process of schoolchildren with weak eyesight. Physical education process shall be oriented on educational aims, on application of health related correcting and compensatory-prophylaxis physical exercises. Such approach will positively influence on correction of foot support-spring disorders.

and height, length of foot supporting part, expressiveness of arch, height of ankle, foot rise, angles of support and spring foot arches, Freedland's index.

Purpose, tasks of the work, material and methods
The purpose of the work is to fulfill comparative analysis of foot support-spring indicators of schoolchildren with weak eyesight and find statistically most significant differences.
The tasks of the work: 1.To analyze special scientific-methodic literature and determine importance of the problem of foot supportspring functional disorders in 7-10 years' age children with weak eyesight.
2. To fulfill comparative analysis of some foot support-spring indicators of primary school pupils with weak eyesight and their practically healthy peers.
3. To determine the most significant statistically confident distinctions in indicators of foot support-spring properties of primary school age children with weak eyesight by the data of different authors.
Material and methods of the research: analysis of special scientific-methodic literature, pedagogic observation, pedagogic experiment with the help of methodic «BIG FOOT» and «FOOT SPRINT», methods of mathematical statistic.

Results of the research
In our research we found angle characteristics, which play important role in formation of body vertical stability and human locomotion function: forefoot angle (angle between supporting part line and straight line, connecting the head of first forefoot bone with point of arch maximal height); heel angle (angle between supporting part line and straight line, connecting supporting calcaneal tuberosity with point of arch maximal height).Results were received in the process of digitization of feet images in program «BIGFOOT» [11,12].For comparative analysis of angle characteristics of foot support-spring properties we found and studied analogous indicators of other researches (see table 1).In this aspect it is interesting to compare the heights of foot arches.Spring oscillations of foot arch protect organism from rough pushes and shaking during walking.Disorders of foot spring properties are caused by overloads and over-fatigue of muscles.
Comparative analysis of foot arches characteristics of primary school age children with visual analyzer pathologies and practically healthy peers showed that they have statistically confident differences.It witnesses that in this indicator pupils with weal eyesight demonstrate the lowest results.Such tendency exists in every age period.For example, 7 years' age children with weak eyesight, by our data, have foot arch of right leg by 9 mm less than practically healthy children [4, 5, and 9].In left leg mean statistic difference reaches 10 mm, comparing with children with weak eyesight and 12 mm, comparing with practically healthy children.
In children of 8 years' age we observed statistically confident difference (p<0.05) between data of right and left feet.Difference is 7 mm between peers with weak eyesight and 11 mm, comparing with healthy children.The highest difference between indicators of foot arch of children with weak eyesight and indicators of practically healthy children was observed in 10 years' age on left foot -13 mm.Such significant difference between indicators justifies implementation of correcting prophylaxis means with application of technical equipment in physical education practice.Application of such equipment is oriented on improvement of foot support-spring properties of schoolchildren with weak eyesight.Regular medical examinations shall assess effectiveness of such physical exercises' prophylaxis complexes.The purpose of these examinations -determination of tendencies to improvement of foot arch characteristics and reduction of flat foot risk.
Analysis of special scientific-methodic literature [6, 15, 16, 17, and 20] witnesses that at present time little attention is paid to rising generation's physical condition.In opinion of leading specialists in physical culture [10,13,14], physical education means are very powerful factor of disorders correction and prophylaxis of morphological functional deviations in child's health.Sports and physical culture practicing facilitate development of child's motor abilities and skills and improve muscular skeletal apparatus morphological and functional indicators.Among them the main are: improvement of muscular tonus, respiratory and cardio-vascular systems.Keeping of vertical posture in static and dynamic exercises facilitate correct carriage, mobility of ligament-muscular apparatus, strengthening of foot support-spring properties.

Discussion
Study of foot support-spring properties of school age children with weak eyesight is caused by urgency of such researches.Analysis of scientific literature points at principle importance of foot support-spring properties' development in schoolchildren with weak eyesight [2, 4, 5, and 7].The authors think that "foot is pedestal of body".That is why any disorders influence negatively on effectiveness of the whole muscular-skeletal apparatus work.
In our research we found the whole number of statistically confident distinctions, comparing with practically healthy children.It witnesses that children with weak eyesight have weaker muscles and ligaments of lower limbs.The reason of it can be insufficient motor functioning, muscles' stiffening in movements as well as absence of prophylaxis exercises, which would prevent from foot functional disorders.It of common knowledge, that children with visual analyzer's pathologies have secondary disorders and deviations from normal functioning of muscular skeletal system.Among them we can name: disorders of carriage, flat foot, joints' limited mobility.Thus, physical education process for such contingent shall be directed to educational activity, application of correcting-health related means, compensatory-prophylaxis physical exercises.

Conclusions:
Analysis of special scientific-methodic literature showed that normal functioning of foot is the main precondition of muscular-skeletal apparatus effective work.
Different authors stated that primary school age children with weak eyesight lag behind in indicators of physical condition, physical fitness and functional disorders of muscular skeletal apparatus.It also relates to foot support-spring properties.
Comparative analysis of quantitative data, received by different authors, confirms the results of our experiment.The experimental data witness that children with visual analyzer's problems lag behind from their healthy peers in indicators of foot support-spring properties.
During phylogeny development human foot has significantly changed due to its adaptation to vertical movement.Owing to relative lengthening of tarsus and shortening of forefoot foot turned into organ of support.It was facilitated by development of longitudinal and lateral arches, strengthened by powerful ligaments and kept by tonus of foot muscles.Foot arches ensure characteristic springiness, which significantly soften pushes of foot on ground in walk, run or jumps[2, 3, 8, and 15].That is why foot arch-type construction is the most important specificity of human foot as well as height of arches.Comparison of received by us values of foot arches of children with weak eyesight with practically healthy children's indicators is shown in table 2.

Table 1 .
Angle characteristics' indicators of foot support-spring properties of primary school age childrenThe data of table 1 point that results of our researches of 7-10 years' age children with weak eyesight be also pointed that we studied angle characteristics of foot support-spring properties both: right and left feet.The data of other authors are presented only ion right foot.That is why we fulfilled comparative analysis only by indicators of right lower limb.
Thus, it is obvious that it is necessary to work out and implement experimental program of prophylaxis of foot support-spring disorders in primary school age children with weak eyesight.

Table 2 .
Characteristic of foot arches of primary school age children