SIMULATION OF JUNIOR SHCOOLCHILDREN’S TRAINING TO ACROBATIC EXERCISES AND VAULTS

Purpose: to determine peculiarities of formation of junior schoolchildren’s motor skills. Material: 172 pupils participated in the research. In every parallel of forms there were 48 pupils. Factorial experiment of 23 type was conducted. Results: it was determined that effectiveness of schoolchildren’s training (1st – 2nd forms – to forward roll; 3rd – 4th forms to vault) is influenced positively on be the following: increasing of attempts up to 12 times, quantity of repetitions in one attempt – up to 3 times, interval of rest shall be within 60—180 sec. In training process Attention is accentuated on quantity of attempts. For each form specific methodic peculiarities of exercise’s fulfillment were formulated. Conclusions: factorial experiment of 23 type permitted to study multi-factorial structure of training process of 1st-4th forms’ schoolchildren and specify optimal correlations of quantity of attempts, quantity of repetitions in one attempt and rest interval.

Thus, studying of formation of junior schoolchildren's motor skills is rather urgent.

Purpose, tasks of the work, material and methods
The purpose of the work is to determine peculiarities of formation of junior schoolchildren's motor skills.
The methods and organization of the research: in our work we used generalization and analysis of scientific and methodic literature data, general-scientific methods of theoretical character such as: analogy, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction as well as general-scientific methods of empirical character: observation, testing experiment.
In process of preparation of our researches we used conceptual approaches to planning of experiment in studying of training process's effectiveness and models' working out, which were substantiated in works by O.M. Khudolii, T.V.Karpunets [11], О.М.Khudolii, O.V. Ivashchenko [12,21,23].In dissertations of О.М.Khudolii [14], О.V. Ivashchenko [6], V.І.Miroshnichenko [8] it was determined that control of learning-training process will be more effective, if modes of training are determined on the base of regression models, received as a result of complete factorial experiment (CFE) of type CFE 2 к .
In the research we used plans of factorial experiment of CFE 2 к type (see table 1).We researched motor modes of forward roll training by 1 st -2 nd forms' schoolchildren, jumps over width of gymnastic horse of 3 rd form schoolchildren and jump with bent legs over gymnastic goat of 4 th form pupils.The purpose of CFE was to optimize training modes and, on basing on analysis of regression equations, determine peculiarities of motor skills' formation of 1 st -4 th form's pupils.Ion pedagogic experiment we studied influence of quantity of attempts (х1), quantity of repetitions in one attempt (х2) and rest intervals (х3) on fitness of 1 st -4 th form pupils' in gymnastic exercises.In training of gymnastic exercises, at every training session we assessed fitness level with alternative method ("fulfilled", "not fulfilled"), calculated probability of exercises' fulfillment (p = n/m, where n -quantity of successfully fulfilled attempts, m -total quantity of attempts).
In training of junior school age children we used method of algorithmic orders.Transition to next exercise was realized after three successful attempts.1 st -4 th form pupils were trained to forward roll, jump over gymnastic gout with bent legs and with pushed legs [5,22].
Training of forward roll was conducted in 1 st and 2 nd forms.Technique of fulfillment: forward roll -move body ahead with full rotation and successive touching of floor with shoulders and back.Forward roll is fulfilled from position: squat with hands resting on floor; hands shall be placed at 30-40 cm distance from tiptoes; resting on hands, unbend legs.Strongly bending backbone and dropping head on chest fall down ahead, bending arms.Slowing fall, softly touch floor with neck and blades, tuck quickly and roll forward.
From position sitting on floor roll back in tuck and turn in initial position.

2.
From squat position with hands on floor roll back in tuck and turn in initial position.

3.
From standing position with hands on floor, legs are expanded, make forward roll in sitting position with expanded legs. 4.
From standing position with hands on floor make forward roll in sitting position in tuck.

5.
From standing position with hands on floor make forward roll in sitting position with hands on floor.6.
From squat position with hands on floor roll forward.7.
Make forward roll from main stance.8.
Three forward rolls at convenient temp.Vault over width of gymnastic horse (3 rd form), training tasks: 1.
From lying position with hands on floor go in standing position with hands on floor, legs are widely expanded and quickly straighten body. 2.
From 2-3 step run jump in squat position with hands on floor and expand legs.

3.
From 2-3 step run jump in standing position with hands on hours with handle, expanded legs -on horse, torso is bent; dismount.

4.
From squat on horse (gout) jump down with legs expanded over one more horse or gout standing in front..

5.
Jump from the spot with expanded legs over width of horse with handle.6.
Jump from the spot with expanded legs over length of gout.7.
With expanded legs jump over length of gout and make bridge at 1 meter distance from apparatus.

8.
The same but jump over width of horse.Vault over width of gout with bent legs (4 th form), training tasks: 1.
From lying position with hands on floor, simultaneously pushing up with two arms and two legs take squat position with arms stretched forward. 2.
From squat position with hands on floor jump not loosing hands' contact with floor.3.
From, 3 meters' run jump into squat on gout with hands, touching the gout; dismount with bent legs.4.
From squat position with hands on bench, jump with bent legs over gymnastic bench.5.
From 3-5 meters' run jump over width of gout with bent legs.6.
From 5-7 meters' run jump over width of gout with bent legs, as far as possible from the apparatus.7.
From full run jump over width of gout with bent legs.8.
From full run jump over width of gout with bent legs and make bridge at distance of 1 m from the apparatus.
In every parallel of forms 48 pupils participated in the research; in total -172 pupils.

Results of the research
Results of factorial experiment are given in table 2.   The first task "from position sitting on floor roll back in tuck and turn in initial position" is positively influenced by quantity of repetitions in one attempt (х2) (see table 1). The second task "from squat position with hands on floor roll back in tuck and turn in initial position" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1) and quantity of repetitions in one attempt (х2). The third task "from standing position with legs expanded make forward roll in sitting position with legs expanded" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1) and negatively -interaction of quantity of repetitions and rest interval (х1х3). The forth task "from standing position with hands on floor and legs expanded make forward roll in sitting position in tuck" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1) and quantity of repetitions in one attempt (х2). The fifth tasks "from standing position with hands on floor make forward roll in squat position with hands on floor" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1) and negatively -interaction of all factors (х1х2х3).Thus, effectiveness of first form pupils' training to "forward roll" is positively influenced by increase of quantity of attempts up to 12 times, quantity of repetitions in one attempt up to 3 times and rest interval within 60-180 seconds.In training process attention shall be paid to quantity of attempts.
Level of mastering of forward roll by second form pupils is influenced by the following: The first task "from sitting in tuck position roll backward and turn in initial position" is positively influenced by quantity of repetitions in one attempt (х2).
 The second task "from squat position with hands on floor roll backward in tuck and return in initial position" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1) and negatively -interaction of quantity of attempts and rest intervals (х1х3). The third task "from standing position with legs expanded make forward roll in sitting position with legs expanded" is positively Influenced by quantity of attempts (х1) and quantity of repetitions in one attempts (х2). The forth task "from standing position with hands on floor and legs expanded make forward roll in sitting position in tuck" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1) and quantity of repetitions in one attempt (х2). The fifth tasks "from standing position with hands on floor and legs expanded make forward roll in squat with hands on floor" Is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1) and negatively -interaction of repetitions in one attempt and rest intervals (х2х3).Thus, effectiveness of second form pupils' training to "forward roll" is positively influenced by increase of quantity of attempts up to 12 times, quantity of repetitions in one attempt up to 1-3 times and rest interval within 60-180 seconds.In training process attention shall be paid to quantity of attempts.Level of mastering of vault "over width of horse, legs expanded" by third form pupils is influenced by the following:  The first task "from lying position with hands on floor, by pushing up with legs take standing position with hands on floor and legs expanded and quickly straighten the body" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1), interaction of quantity of repetitions in one attempt and rest interval (х2, х3). The second task "from 2-3 step run jump in squat position with hands on floor and legs expanded" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1), and negatively -interaction of quantity of attempts and rest intervals (х1, х3). The third task "from 2-3 step run jump in standing position with hands on floor; torso is and legs are expanded on horse with handle and dismount arching torso" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1), and negatively -interaction of quantity of repetitions in one attempts and rest intervals (х2, х3). The forth task "in squat on horse jump with expanded legs over horse or gout, standing in front" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1), and interaction of quantity of attempts and quantity of repetitions in one attempt (х1, х2).Thus, effectiveness of third form pupils' training to vault "over width of horse, legs expanded" is positively influenced by increase of quantity of attempts up to 12 times, quantity of repetitions in one attempt up to 3 times and rest interval within 60-180 seconds.In training process attention shall be paid to quantity of attempts. Level of mastering of vault "over width of gout with bent legs" by forth form pupils is influenced by the following:  The first task "from lying position with hands on floor, simultaneously pushing up with two arms and two legs take squat position with arms stretched forward" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1) and quantity of repetitions in one attempt (х2). The second task "from squat position with hands on floor jump not loosing hands' contact with floor" is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1). The third task "from 3 meters' run jump into squat on gout with hands, touching the gout; dismount with bent legs" Is positively influenced by quantity of attempts (х1), by interaction of quantity of attempts and rest interval (х1х3). The forth task "from squat position with hands on bench, jump with bent legs over gymnastic bench" is positively position sitting on floor roll back in tuck and turn in initial position.Y = 0.863 + 0.025 х2 2. From squat position with hands on floor roll back in tuck and turn in initial position.Y = 0.755 + 0.035 х1 + 0.02 х2 3. From standing position with hands on floor, legs are expanded, make forward roll in sitting position with expanded legs.Y = 0.815 + 0.023 х1 -0.023 х1х3 4. From standing position with hands on floor make forward roll in sitting position in tuck.Y = 0.83 + 0.028 х1 + 0.063 х2 5. From standing position with hands on floor make forward roll in squat position with hands on floor.Y =0.73 + 0.028 х1-0.028х1х2х3 2 1.From sitting in tuck position roll backward and turn in initial position Y = 0.858 + 0.033 х2 2. From squat position with hands on floor roll backward in tuck and return in initial position Y = 0,741 + 0.049 х1-0.029х1х3 3. From standing position with legs expanded make forward roll in sitting position with legs expanded.Y = 0.829 + 0.021 х1 +0.044 х2 4. From standing position with hands on floor and legs expanded Y = 0.819 + 0.026 х1 +0.054 х2 Description of exercises Regression equation for coded variables make forward roll in sitting position in tuck 5. From standing position with hands on floor and legs expanded make forward roll in squat with hands on floor.Y = 0.745 + 0.045 х1-0.03х2х3 3 1.From lying position with hands on floor, by pushing up with legs take standing position with hands on floor and legs expanded and quickly straighten the body p Y = 0.789 + 0.034 х1+0.024х2х3 2. From 2-3 step run jump in squat position with hands on floor and legs expanded Y = 0.685 + 0.028 х1-0.02х1х3 3. From 2-3 step run jump in standing position with hands on floor; torso is and legs are expanded on horse with handle and dismount arching torso Y = 0.714 + 0.039 х1 -0.044 х2х3 4. In squat on horse jump with expanded legs over horse or gout, standing in front Y = 0.699 + 0.044 х1 + 0.034 х1х2 5. Jump from the spot with expanded legs over horse with handles 4 1.From lying position with hands on floor, simultaneously pushing up with two arms and two legs take squat position with arms stretched forward.Y = 0.828 + 0.025 х1 + 0.055 х2 2. From squat position with hands on floor jump not loosing hands' contact with floor.Y = 0.821 + 0.041 х1 3. From 3 meters' run jump into squat on gout with hands, touching the gout; dismount with bent legs.Y = 0.699 + 0.054 х1 + 0.021 х1х3 4. From squat position with hands on bench, jump with bent legs over gymnastic bench.Y = 0.716 + 0.059 х1 -0.026 х2х3 5. From 5-7 meters' run jump over width of gout with bent legs Y = 0.72 + 0.033 х2 Level of mastering of forward roll by first form pupils is influenced by the following:

Table 1
Matrix of 2 3 factorial experiment in studying of influence of different modes of exercises' repetitions on level of their fitness

Table 2
Regressive dependence of fitness in gymnastic exercises on quantity of attempts (х1), quantity of repetitions in one attempt (х2) and rest intervals (х3) of 1-4 form pupils